Sierra No. 3

Sierra Railway No. 3, often called the "movie star locomotive", is a 19th century steam locomotive owned by Railtown 1897 State Historic Park in Jamestown, California. Former Transportation History curator at the Smithsonian Institution William L. Withhuhn described the locomotive's historical and cultural significance: "Sierra Railway No. 3 has appeared in more motion pictures, documentaries, and television productions than any other locomotive. It is undisputedly the image of the archetypal steam locomotive that propelled our country from the 19th century into the 20th."^[1] It has been called "the most photographed locomotive in the world."^[2] Built in 1891, the locomotive returned to operation in July 2010 after a fourteen year absence from service and a three year long rebuild, requiring the replacement of her original boiler.

Contents 1 History 2 21st century renovation 3 Movie appearances 4 TV appearances 5 References 6 External links

History

The locomotive, a 4-6-0 ten-wheeler, was built by the Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works of Paterson, New Jersey, was given construction number 4493, and was completed on the day of March 26, 1891. She has 17 X 24 inch cylinders, 56 inch driving wheels and weighs 50 tons in running order.^[3] She was built for the Prescott & Arizona Central Railway as their locomotive #3. That railroad went bankrupt in 1893, and its owner, Thomas S. Bullock, relocated to California, bringing much of his railroad equipment, including the 4-6-0 built by Rogers. He then entered into a partnership with Prince André Poniatowski, and together they incorporated the Sierra Railway Company of California in 1897, to connect Oakdale, California with the timber producing foothills of Tuolumne County and Calaveras County.^[4]

The locomotive was then relettered Sierra No. 3, and played a key role of the construction of the railroad to Jamestown, California in 1897, Sonora, California in 1898 and Tuolumne, California in 1900. It was the primary locomotive pulling freight trains on the railroad until 1906, when the Sierra Railway purchased a heavier 2-8-0 locomotive. It played a significant role in logging, mining and dam building operations in the Sierra foothills.

Originally built to burn either coal or wood, the locomotive was converted to burn oil sometime between 1900 and 1902.^[3]

Sierra No. 3 was involved in several wrecks. In February 1898, a switch mishap killed conductor William G. Bailey.^[4] In September 1899, its tender derailed while backing up on a trestle, causing a partial collapse of the trestle. The locomotive turned on its side in 1918, destroying its original wooden cab, which was replaced with a Southern Pacific Railroad model steel cab.^[4] The next year, Sierra No. 3 made her first known Hollywood film appearance, in a train robbery scene in the serial The Red Glove.

During the Great Depression, the Sierra Railway went into bankruptcy starting in 1932, and was reorganized as the Sierra Railroad Company in 1937.^[3] Sierra No. 3 was taken out of service in 1932, and sat on the turntable lead siding for 14 years.^[1] She managed to avoid being scrapped during World War II, and again received attention from Hollywood in 1946, when David O. Selznick, the producer of Duel in the Sun being filmed on the Sierra Railroad, proposed to destroy her in a train wreck scene for the movie. Instead, the railroad's owners decided to restore the locomotive and return her to service.^[3] A boiler check resulted in a reduction of operational boiler pressure from 160 psi to 150 psi. The rebuild was completed in May 1948, when she pulled a Railway and Locomotive Historical Society sponsored excursion train on Memorial Day. Over the next five decades, Sierra No. 3 pulled tourist excursion trains, and appeared in many movies, TV shows and commercials. Among them were High Noon in 1952, for which Gary Cooper won the Academy Award for Best Actor, and Unforgiven, starring and directed by Clint Eastwood, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture for 1992.

The locomotive was often relettered and repainted for movie and TV appearances, the most recognizable being the Hooterville Cannonball from the mid-sixties series "Petticoat Junction." Dummy smokestacks were also often installed to change the appearance of the locomotive.

In 1979, the Crocker family, longtime owners of the Sierra Railroad, announced their intention to sell their interest in the railroad to investors based in Chicago, but the deal did not include the steam locomotive facilities in Jamestown.^[4] That complex, including Sierra No. 3, was acquired by the State of California as a result of legislation passed in April 1981, and signed by Governor Jerry Brown. The acquisition was completed on September 15, 1982, and since then, the locomotive has been the property of the State of California.^[3]

In 1995, the Federal Railroad Administration issued new safety standards for steam locomotive boilers. As a result, Sierra No. 3 was taken out of service in 1996 because of the need for a major rebuild from the ground up to comply with these revised regulations.

21st century renovation

Preliminary repairs were completed in 2000-2001 with deferred maintenance funding from the State of California. This included dismantling the locomotive.^[5] The project progressed very slowly until 2007, when a major fundraising campaign began. At that time, the budget for the project was estimated at US$600,000, based on the assumption that the existing boiler could be saved.

In a fundraising appeal, Clint Eastwood described Sierra No. 3 as "like a treasured old friend."^[1] Eastwood had ridden the locomotive early in his career on the TV series Rawhide, and later used the locomotive in his own movie productions Pale Rider and The Unforgiven. Eastwood wrote, "Sierra No. 3 resides at Railtown 1897 State Historic Park. It is housed in the original roundhouse which is still in use. Together these two assets provide a rare opportunity to experience history just as it was 109 years ago."^[1] Funding for the renovation project was provided by the California Cultural and Historical Endowment,^[6] the Irving J. Symons Foundation,^[7] the Sonora Area Foundation,^[7] the California State Parks Foundation,^[8] the Teichert Foundation, DuPont and many individual donors.

The rebuild included boring out the cylinders and turning the drive wheel tires on a lathe. ^[9] When work on the disassembled locomotive resumed, and the boiler was checked thoroughly by ultrasound testing,^[8] it was discovered that a new boiler was needed. Its old lap seam design made rebuilding it to modern standards too expensive,^[9] and the risk of a boiler explosion would have been too high. Engineering drawings and other technical assistance needed to build a new boiler were provided by the Strasburg Rail Road in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.^[9] The old boiler was shipped to be used as a pattern to the Chelatchie Boiler Works of Camas, Washington, which fabricated a matching new boiler at a cost of US$600,000.^[9] The boiler was then shipped to the historic Southern Pacific shops in Sacramento, California and fitted on the original frame. The locomotive was then trucked back to Jamestown, California for final assembly.^[10] The old boiler is now on display at Railtown 1897.

The current configuration of the locomotive represents her appearance during the year 1929, when the movie "The Virginian" was filmed and provided the first known evidence of the presence of "3-spot's" steel cab. Final cost of the rebuild was US$1.5 million, and the locomotive officially returned to service on July 3rd, 2010.^[11]

Movie appearances

Sierra No. 3 has appeared in many movies.^{[11][5][1][6][7][8]} According to Railtown 1897, these include the following:

• The Red Glove, 1919, a silent film serial starring Marie Walcamp and Pat O'Malley. Although many sources mention that Sierra No. 3 appeared in this film, one source expresses doubt.^[3] The film has been lost.
• The Terror, 1920, starring Tom Mix.
• The Virginian, 1929, starring Gary Cooper and Walter Huston. This was the first talkie filmed on location rather than on a studio sound stage.
• The Texan, 1930, starring Fay Wray.
• Sierra Passage, 1950, starring Wayne Morris and Lola Albright.
• Wyoming Mail, 1950, starring Stephen McNally, Howard Da Silva and Ed Begley
• High Noon, 1951, starring Gary Cooper, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role. The film won three additional Academy Awards.
• The Cimarron Kid, 1952, starring Audie Murphy and James Best.
• Kansas Pacific, 1953, starring Sterling Hayden and Eve Miller.
• The Moonlighter, 1953, starring Barbara Stanwyck, Fred MacMurray and Ward Bond.
• Apache, 1954, starring Burt Lancaster, Jean Peters and Charles Bronson.
• Rage at Dawn, 1955, starring Randolph Scott and Forrest Tucker.
• The Return of Jack Slade, 1955, starring John Ericson, Neville Brand and Angie Dickenson.
• Texas Lady, 1955, starring Claudette Colbert and Barry Sullivan.
• The Big Land, 1957, starring Alan Ladd, Virginia Mayo and Edmund O'Brien.
• Terror in a Texas Town, 1958, written under another name by blacklisted screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, and starring Sterling Hayden and Sebastian Cabot.
• Man of the West, 1958, starring Gary Cooper, Julie London and Lee J. Cobb.
• Face of a Fugitive, 1959, starring Fred MacMurray, Dorothy Green and James Coburn.
• The Outrage, 1964, a remake of Rashomon as a western, starring Edward G. Robinson, Paul Newman, Laurence Harvey, Claire Bloom and William Shatner.
• The Rare Breed, 1966, starring James Stewart, Maureen O'Hara and Brian Keith.
• The Great Race, 1966, starring Jack Lemmon, Tony Curtis and Natalie Wood.
• The Perils of Pauline, 1967, starring Pat Boone and Terry-Thomas.
• Finian's Rainbow, 1968, starring Fred Astaire and Petula Clark.
• A Man Called Gannon, 1968, starring Tony Franciosa and Michael Sarrazin.
• The Great Bank Robbery, 1969, starring Zero Mostel and Kim Novak.
• Joe Hill, 1971, a biopic about the IWW activist Joe Hill, starring Thommy Berggren. The film won the Jury Prize at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival.
• The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid, 1972, starring Cliff Robertson and Robert Duvall.
• Oklahoma Crude, 1973, starring George C. Scott and Faye Dunaway.
• Nickleodeon, 1976, starring Ryan O'Neal, Burt Reynolds and Tatum O'Neal.
• Bound for Glory, 1976, a biopic of Woody Guthrie, starring David Carradine and Randy Quaid. This was the first major film to use the Steadicam, and Haskell Wexler won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for the film, and the film also won another Academy Award.
• The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again, 1979, starring Tim Conway and Don Knotts.
• The Long Riders, 1980, starring teams of brothers including James Keach and Stacy Keach, David Carradine and Keith Carradine, and Dennis Quaid and Randy Quaid.
• Pale Rider, 1985, directed by Clint Eastwood, and starring Eastwood and Richard Dysart.
• Blood Red, 1986, starring Eric Roberts, Giancarlo Giannini, Dennis Hopper and Julia Roberts in her movie debut.
• Back to the Future Part III, 1990, starring Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd and Mary Steenbergen.
• Unforgiven, 1992, directed by Clint Eastwood, starring Eastwood and Gene Hackman and winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture, Academy Award for Best Director and two other Academy Awards.
• Bad Girls, 1994, starring Drew Barrymore, Andie MacDowell, Madeleine Stowe and Mary Stuart Masterson.

TV appearances

Sierra No. 3 has also appeared in many Television shows.^{[11][5][1][6][7][8]} According to Railtown 1897, these include the following:

• The Lone Ranger, 1956, starring Clayton Moore and Jay Silverheels.
• Tales of Wells Fargo, 1957, starring Dale Robertson and William Demarest
• Rawhide, 1960, starring Clint Eastwood and Eric Fleming.
• Lassie, 1961-1962, starring Jon Provost, June Lockhart and Hugh Reilly.
• Casey Jones, 1957, starring Alan Hale, Jr..
• Overland Trail, 1960, starring William Bendix and Doug McClure.
• Death Valley Days, 1962-1965, starring Ronald Reagan.
• The Raiders, 1963 TV movie, starring Brian Keith and Robert Culp.
• Petticoat Junction, 1963-1970, starring Bea Benaderet, Edgar Buchanan and Linda Kaye Henning. Sierra No. 3 was called the Hooterville Cannonball.
• The Wild Wild West, 1964, starring Robert Conrad and Ross Martin.
• The Big Valley, 1964-1966, starring Barbara Stanwyck.
• The Legend of Jesse James, 1965-1966, starring Christopher Jones and Allen Case.
• Scalplock, 1966 TV movie, starring Dale Robertson and Diana Hyland.
• Cimarron Strip, 1967, starring Stuart Whitman and Jill Townsend.
• Dundee and the Culhane, 1967, starring John Mills.
• The Man from U.N.C.L.E., 1967, starring Robert Vaughn and David McCallum.
• Ballad of the Iron Horse, 1967 documentary by John H. Secondari.
• Gunsmoke, 1971, starring James Arness, Amanda Blake and Milburn Stone.
• Bonanza, 1972, starring Lorne Greene and Michael Landon.
• The Great Man's Whiskers, 1972 TV movie, starring Dean Jones, Ann Sothern and Dennis Weaver, telling the story of why Abraham Lincoln grew his beard.
• Inventing of America, 1975 documentary by James Burke and Raymond Burr.
• Little House on the Prairie, 1975-1983, starring Michael Landon, Karen Grassle and Melissa Gilbert.
• Law of the Land, 1976 TV movie starring James Davis and Don Johnson.
• A Woman Called Moses, a 1978 biopic miniseries about Harriet Tubman, starring Cicely Tyson.
• Lacy and the Mississippi Queen, 1978 TV movie, starring Kathleen Lloyd and Debra Feuer.
• Kate Bliss and the Ticker Tape Kid, 1978 TV movie, starring Suzanne Pleshette.
• The Night Rider, 1979 TV movie, starring David Selby, Pernell Roberts and Kim Cattrall.
• The Last Ride of the Dalton Gang, 1979 TV movie, starring Randy Quaid, Cliff Potts and Larry Wilcox
• Belle Starr, 1980 TV movie, starring Elizabeth Montgomery and Cliff Potts.
• East of Eden, 1980 TV miniseries based on John Steinbeck's novel, starring Bruce Boxleitner, Lloyd Bridges, Warren Oates and Anne Baxter.
• Father Murphy, 1981, starring Merlin Olsen, Katherine Cannon and Moses Gunn.
• The A-Team, 1984, starring George Peppard and Mr. T.
• Bonanza: The Next Generation, 1993 TV movie, starring Michael Landon, Jr. and John Ireland.

References

External links

• Railtown 1897 State Historic Park: Sierra #3 Moves Under Own Power!
• Los Angeles Times: Restored ‘movie star locomotive’ returns to tracks for Fourth of July
• KCRA video: Movie Locomotive Restored To Old Glory